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An Experimental Portuguese Social-Enterprise Project in Urban Agriculture: A Case Study on the Influence of the Interaction of Stakeholder Roles on Sustainable Governance
Power of Social Media Marketing: How Perceived Value Mediates the Impact on Restaurant Followers’ Purchase Intention, Willingness to Pay a Premium Price, and E-WoM?
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Bitcoin Mining: Another Company Goes Bankrupt
As time goes by, information and communication technology continue to advance. Since the pandemic, the need for information and communication technology has risen to aid us in working and studying from home. One of the forms of information and communication technology is social media. Social media is where users can connect with other users in different regions, upload content as images or videos, express themselves freely, and get responses or reactions from other users (likes and comments). However, behind all those, social media can also be a place full of threats towards the personal data of its users. This study aims to analyze the awareness of higher education student social media users in the research field of Indonesia regarding personal data security. This research focuses on university students, Indonesia’s largest group of social media users, as the main respondents. The questionnaire questions were distributed online using random and snowball sampling methods for targeting student respondents. In this study, social media users were divided into active users (content creators) and passive users (using social media as a means of entertainment). The results show that active users upload personal data to benefit from it. In contrast, passive users are more aware of the use of personal data on their social media. This research also shows how they secure their data and their behavior on social media.
The ongoing pandemic has changed how we perform activities or work. Everything that was previously performed directly offline is now migrating to online activities. This change triggers the need for online applications that can be used within our daily activities; these include social media. Social media can be defined as an online platform that can accommodate all forms of content in the form of images or videos sent by social media users. Most social media can be downloaded for free and can be directly used by anyone as long as they are connected to the internet.
The number of new users on social media continues to increase, as is triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. Indonesia is one country with a fairly high number of active social media users. According to Hootsuite (We Are Social), active social media users in Indonesia in 2019 reached 130 million, or 48% penetration of the total population of Indonesia at that time, namely, 268.2 million [1]. Then, in 2022, Hootsuite (We Are Social) again uploaded data on the number of active social media users in Indonesia, which was around 191.4 million, or 68.9% of the total population of Indonesia, which was recorded as 277.7 million [2]. Both data show that the number of active social media users from 2019 to 2022 increased by 61.4 million, or around 47.2%. Other data showing the number of active social media users in Indonesia come from the Indonesia Internet Service Providers Association or Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII); the data obtained show that the internet penetration rate in Indonesia in 2021 until Q1 of 2022 reached 77%, namely, 210, 026, 769 people from a total population of 272, 682, 600 in 2021 [3]. Other data on the number of active social media users in Indonesia differentiated by age groups are 8.3% aged 0–4 years, 13.9% aged 5–12 years, 8.2% aged 13–17 years, 11.6% aged 18–24 years, 14.9% aged 25–34 years, 14.7% aged 35–44 years, 12.7% aged 45–54 years, 9.0% aged 55–64 years, and 6.8% aged 65 years and over [4]. According to APJII, the levels of active social media users in Q1 2022, if grouped by age, were 8.08% aged 5–12 years, 9.62% aged 13–18 years, 25.68% aged 19–34 years, 27.68% aged 35–54 years, and 5.97% aged 55 years and over [3].
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Data obtained on the active social media users in Indonesia show that the age group that accesses social media the most is the 18–34 age group. Therefore, our research objective is higher education students who fall into this age group, being one of the groups that frequently use social media. Students use social media as a tool to find various information, or just a place to find entertainment or express themselves. However, behind those, there is a hidden threat in social media, such the theft of personal data, either intentionally or unintentionally, consciously or unconsciously. This issue raises the main concern of our research, as to whether students are aware of personal data security on social media.
Usually, identity theft on personal data occurs when the data are circulated everywhere, such as images, videos, or text written in content on social media. One case is the “Add Yours” challenge trend that went viral on Instagram Indonesia. “Add Yours” is an Instagram feature that can be used freely by its users by uploading it on their Instagram Story; if their Story is public, then other users can see it, and other users are also free to upload their own. All Instagram users can see the data collected in “Add Yours”, so many people exploit this. Then, they commit fraud by creating “Add Yours” regarding ID card photos, photos of themselves with ID cards, nicknames, addresses, mothers’ names, birth dates, and other personal data. Unfortunately, many users quickly upload the personal data mentioned earlier, and the total number of participating users can reach up to tens of millions [5].
The case mentioned above can be categorized as social engineering, because obtaining personal data involve the psychological manipulation of users who think it is a challenge or trend [6]. The case continues until financial fraud occurs, where some criminals use personal data to contact the owner and pretend to be close relatives, family, friends, or spouses. After that, the perpetrator starts to borrow money for various reasons, and finally, the victim gives the money because he believes that the acquaintance is someone close [5]. The case mentioned above has indeed occurred on social media; other cases take the form of uploading personal data on social media in the form of pictures or videos, such as identity cards, ATM cards, house numbers, telephone numbers, places that are being occupied, and so on, which can be uploaded either intentionally or unintentionally.
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Personal data security and social media are interrelated because the protection of personal data is important when using or accessing social media. Research related to this matter comes from several aspects or areas that are different from each other, and can also describe the conditions of social media users in a country. In this case, Lawrence Ryz et al. (2016) mentioned the evolution of a basic rule regarding data protection, namely, GDPR [7]. Radi Romansky (2014) discussed the challenges that can be faced by a social media company in maintaining the privacy of each of its users [8]. Users trust robots or Siri in providing personal data [9]. Gender plays a role in making choices to share personal data [10]. The use of social media in the health sector and the usage decisions of each user have been differentiated based on work function or role in the health sector [11]. Some research uses psychological factors to make a person pursue a higher level of security but pay the appropriate price for it [12]. There are factors affecting feelings of trust in social media [13], or FOMO attitudes [14]. In addition, location factors influence a person’s concern for the security of their personal data [15]. Our research contributes to updating and providing an understanding of the conditions of social media users in Indonesia in understanding the importance of the security of their personal data. We cover users at a young age who are
Data obtained on the active social media users in Indonesia show that the age group that accesses social media the most is the 18–34 age group. Therefore, our research objective is higher education students who fall into this age group, being one of the groups that frequently use social media. Students use social media as a tool to find various information, or just a place to find entertainment or express themselves. However, behind those, there is a hidden threat in social media, such the theft of personal data, either intentionally or unintentionally, consciously or unconsciously. This issue raises the main concern of our research, as to whether students are aware of personal data security on social media.
Usually, identity theft on personal data occurs when the data are circulated everywhere, such as images, videos, or text written in content on social media. One case is the “Add Yours” challenge trend that went viral on Instagram Indonesia. “Add Yours” is an Instagram feature that can be used freely by its users by uploading it on their Instagram Story; if their Story is public, then other users can see it, and other users are also free to upload their own. All Instagram users can see the data collected in “Add Yours”, so many people exploit this. Then, they commit fraud by creating “Add Yours” regarding ID card photos, photos of themselves with ID cards, nicknames, addresses, mothers’ names, birth dates, and other personal data. Unfortunately, many users quickly upload the personal data mentioned earlier, and the total number of participating users can reach up to tens of millions [5].
The case mentioned above can be categorized as social engineering, because obtaining personal data involve the psychological manipulation of users who think it is a challenge or trend [6]. The case continues until financial fraud occurs, where some criminals use personal data to contact the owner and pretend to be close relatives, family, friends, or spouses. After that, the perpetrator starts to borrow money for various reasons, and finally, the victim gives the money because he believes that the acquaintance is someone close [5]. The case mentioned above has indeed occurred on social media; other cases take the form of uploading personal data on social media in the form of pictures or videos, such as identity cards, ATM cards, house numbers, telephone numbers, places that are being occupied, and so on, which can be uploaded either intentionally or unintentionally.
Bapenas Indo Islamic Master Plan 2019 2024 Pdf
Personal data security and social media are interrelated because the protection of personal data is important when using or accessing social media. Research related to this matter comes from several aspects or areas that are different from each other, and can also describe the conditions of social media users in a country. In this case, Lawrence Ryz et al. (2016) mentioned the evolution of a basic rule regarding data protection, namely, GDPR [7]. Radi Romansky (2014) discussed the challenges that can be faced by a social media company in maintaining the privacy of each of its users [8]. Users trust robots or Siri in providing personal data [9]. Gender plays a role in making choices to share personal data [10]. The use of social media in the health sector and the usage decisions of each user have been differentiated based on work function or role in the health sector [11]. Some research uses psychological factors to make a person pursue a higher level of security but pay the appropriate price for it [12]. There are factors affecting feelings of trust in social media [13], or FOMO attitudes [14]. In addition, location factors influence a person’s concern for the security of their personal data [15]. Our research contributes to updating and providing an understanding of the conditions of social media users in Indonesia in understanding the importance of the security of their personal data. We cover users at a young age who are
